Republic of Turkey Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Turkish) | |
|---|---|
 | |
.svg) | |
| Capital | Ankara 39°N 35°E / 39°N 35°ECoordinates: 39°N 35°E / 39°N 35°E |
| Largest city | Istanbul 41°1′N 28°57′E / 41.017°N 28.950°E |
| Official languages | Turkish[1][2] |
| Spoken languages[3] | |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Demonym(s) | |
| Government | Unitary presidential[a] constitutional republic |
| Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | |
| Fuat Oktay | |
| Mustafa Şentop | |
| Legislature | Grand National Assembly |
| Establishment | |
| 19 May 1919 | |
| 23 April 1920 | |
| 24 July 1923 | |
| 29 October 1923 | |
| 7 November 1982 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) (36th) |
• Water (%) | 1.3 |
| Population | |
• 2019 estimate |  83,154,997[4] (19th) |
• Density | 105[5]/km2 (271.9/sq mi) (107th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $2.464 trillion[6] (13th) |
• Per capita | $29,326[6] (52nd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $813.810 billion[6] (19th) |
• Per capita | $9,683[6] (70th) |
| Gini (2017) |  43.0[7]medium · 56th |
| HDI (2018) | 0.806[8] very high · 59th |
| Currency | Turkish lira (₺) (TRY) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (FET) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy (AD) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +90 |
| ISO 3166 code | TR |
| Internet TLD | .tr |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe. East Thrace, the part of Turkey in Europe, is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. Istanbul, which straddles Europe and Asia, is the largest city in the country, while Ankara is the capital. Turkey is bordered on its northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; north by the Black Sea; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran; southeast by Iraq; south by Syria and the Mediterranean Sea; and west by the Aegean Sea. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country's citizens identify as Turkish, while Kurds are the largest minority, at between 15 to 20 percent of the population.