Nepal

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल (Nepali) Saṅghīya Lokatāntrik Gaṇatantra Nepāl
Flag Emblem
Motto: जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी (Sanskrit) Mother and motherland are greater than heaven (English)
Anthem: सयौं थुँगा फूलका (Nepali) Made of hundreds of flowers (English)


Capital and largest city	Kathmandu 28°10′N 84°15′E / 28.167°N 84.250°E / 28.167; 84.250Coordinates: 28°10′N 84°15′E / 28.167°N 84.250°E / 28.167; 84.250
Official languages	Nepali
Recognised national languages	^{See Languages of Nepal}
Ethnic groups (2011)	Ethnic demography 16.6% Chhetri 12.2% Bahun 7.1% Magar 6.6% Tharu 5.8% Tamang 5% Newar 4.8% Kami 4.4% Muslims 4% Yadav 2.3% Rai 2% Gurung 1.8% Damai/Dholi 1.6% Thakuri 1.5% Limbu 1.4% Sarki 1.4% Teli 1.3% Chamar/Harijan 1.2% Koiri/Kushwaha 19% Other
Religion	81.3% Hinduism 9% Buddhism 4.4% Islam 3% Kirant 1.4% Christianity 0.4% Animism 0.5% Irreligion^[1]^[2]
Demonym(s)	Nepali (official), Nepalese
Government	Federal parliamentary republic

• President	Bidhya Devi Bhandari
• Vice President	Nanda Kishor Pun
• Prime Minister	Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli
• Chief Justice	Cholendra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
• Assembly Chairman	Ganesh Prasad Timilsina
• House Speaker	Agni Prasad Sapkota^[3]

Legislature	Federal Parliament
• Upper house	National Assembly
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Formation

• Kingdom declared	25 September 1768^[4]
• State declared	18 May 2006^[5]
• Republic declared	28 May 2008
• 2015 Constitution	20 September 2015

Area
• Total	147,181 km² (56,827 sq mi) (93rd)
• Water (%)	2.8
Population
• 2018 estimate	28,095,714^[6]^[7] (48th)
• 2011 census	26,494,504^[8]
• Density	180/km² (466.2/sq mi) (62nd)
GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
• Total	$84 billion^[9]
• Per capita	$2,842^[9]
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$27 billion^[9]
• Per capita	$919^[9]
Gini (2010)	32.8^[10] medium
HDI (2018)	0.579^[11] medium · 147th
Currency	Nepalese rupee Rs (Nepali: रू) (NPR)
Time zone	UTC +05:45 (Nepal Standard Time)
	DST not observed
Driving side	left
Calling code	+977
ISO 3166 code	NP
Internet TLD	.np

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is located mainly in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. With an estimated population of 26.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area. It borders China in the north and India in the south, east and west while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city. Nepal is a multiethnic country with Nepali as the official language.

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