Protection & Enforcement of IPRs in Madagascar
Republic of Madagascar | |
|---|---|
.svg) Location of Madagascar (dark green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Antananarivo 18°55′S 47°31′E / 18.917°S 47.517°E |
| Official languages | |
| Ethnic groups (2004[2]) | |
| Religion (2020)[3] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Malagasy[4][5] |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic |
| Andry Rajoelina | |
| Christian Ntsay | |
| Rivo Rakotovao | |
| Christine Razanamahasoa[6] | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| National Assembly | |
| Formation | |
| 1540 | |
| 6 August 1896 | |
• Republic proclaimed | 14 October 1958 |
• Full independence | 26 June 1960 |
| Area | |
• Total | 587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) (46th) |
• Water | 5,501 km2 (2,124 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 0.9% |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 28,427,328[9] (52nd) |
• Density | 35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi) (174th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $45.948 billion[10] |
• Per capita | $1,697[10] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $12.734 billion[10] |
• Per capita | $471[10] |
| Gini (2010) | 44.1[11] medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.528[12]low · 164th |
| Currency | Ariary (MGA) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (not observed[13]) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +261[13] |
| ISO 3166 code | MG |
| Internet TLD | .mg |
Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately 400 kilometres off the coast of East Africa across the Mozambique Channel. At 592,800 square kilometres (228,900 sq mi) Madagascar is the world's second-largest island country. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.