Republic of India Bhārat Gaṇarājya (see other local names) | |
|---|---|
.svg) Area controlled by India shown in dark green; regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green | |
| Capital | New Delhi 28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E / 28.61389°N 77.20833°E |
| Largest city | Mumbai (city proper) Delhi (metropolitan area) |
| Official languages | |
| Recognised national languages | None[8][9][10] |
| Recognised regional languages | |
| Native languages | 447 languages[c] |
| Religion (2011) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Indian |
| Membership | UN, WTO, BRICS, SAARC, SCO, G4 nations, Group of Five, G8+5, G20, Commonwealth of Nations |
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic |
| Ram Nath Kovind | |
| Venkaiah Naidu | |
| Narendra Modi | |
| Sharad Arvind Bobde | |
| Om Birla | |
| Harivansh Narayan Singh | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Rajya Sabha | |
| Lok Sabha | |
| Independence from the United Kingdom | |
• Dominion | 15 August 1947 |
• Republic | 26 January 1950 |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,287,263[2] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[d] (7th) |
• Water (%) | 9.6 |
| Population | |
• 2018 estimate |  1,352,642,280[15][16] (2nd) |
• 2011 census | 1,210,854,977[17][18] (2nd) |
• Density | 407.9/km2 (1,056.5/sq mi) (19th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $12.363 trillion[19] (3rd) |
• Per capita | $9,027[19] (118th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $3.202 trillion[19] (5th) |
• Per capita | $2,338[19] (139th) |
| Gini (2013) | 33.9[20] medium · 79th |
| HDI (2018) | 0.647[21] medium · 129th |
| Currency | Indian rupee (₹) (INR) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| DST is not observed | |
| Date format |
|
| Mains electricity | 230 V–50 Hz |
| Driving side | left[22] |
| Calling code | +91 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN |
| Internet TLD | .in (others) |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by land area, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.