Estonia

Republic of Estonia Eesti Vabariik (Estonian)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" "My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy"
Location of Estonia (dark green) – in Europe (green & grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Capital	Tallinn^a 59°25′N 24°45′E / 59.417°N 24.750°E / 59.417; 24.750
Largest city	Tallinn
Official language	Estonian^[1]
Ethnic groups (2020^[2])	68.4% Estonians 24.7% Russians 1.9% Ukrainians 0.8% Belarusians 0.6% Finns 3.4% Others
Religion (2011^[3])	64.87% No religion 34.03% Christianity —19.87% Orthodoxy —12.02% Lutheranism —2.14% Other Christian 1.10% Others
Demonym(s)	Estonian
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic

• President	Kersti Kaljulaid
• Prime Minister	Jüri Ratas

Legislature	Riigikogu
Independence from Russia and Soviet Union

• Autonomy	12 April 1917
• Declared	24 February 1918
• Recognised	2 February 1920
• Soviet occupation	1940–1991
• Restored	20 August 1991
• Joined the EU	1 May 2004

Area
• Total	45,227^[4] km² (17,462 sq mi) (129th^d)
• Water (%)	5.16 (as of 2015)^[5]
Population
• 2019 estimate	1,329,460^[6]
• Census	1,294,455^[7]
• Density	29.22/km² (75.7/sq mi) (148th)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$49.644 billion^[8]
• Per capita	$37,033^[8] (37th)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$30 billion^[8] (97th)
• Per capita	$22,986^[8] (35th)
Gini (2019)	30.5^[9] medium
HDI (2019)	0.892^[10] very high · 29th
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+02:00 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+03:00 (EEST)
Calling code	+372
ISO 3166 code	EE
Internet TLD	.ee^e
The Supreme Court and one ministry are based in Tartu. According to the Constitution of Estonia, Estonian is the sole official language.^[11] In southern counties, Võro and Seto are spoken along with it. Russian is spoken in parts of Ida-Virumaa and Tallinn. Including 5.4% Võros and 0.93% Setos.^[12] 47,549 km² (18,359 sq mi) were defined according to the Treaty of Tartu in 1920 between Estonia and Soviet Russia (then under communist Bolshevik revolutionary government prior to the founding of the USSR in 1922). Today, the remaining 2,323 km² (897 sq mi) are part of Russia/Russian Federation. The ceded areas include most of the former Petseri County and areas east of the Narva river including Ivangorod (Jaanilinn).^[13] Pechory remains under Russian administration. Also .eu, shared with other member states of the European Union.

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Tartu are the largest cities and urban areas in the country. Other notable cities include Narva, Pärnu, Kohtla-Järve and Viljandi. The official language of the country, Estonian, is the second-most-spoken Finnic language.

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